What are the primary functions of cortisol?

Cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, plays a crucial role in the body’s response to stress and helps maintain various physiological functions. One of its primary functions is to raise blood sugar levels through gluconeogenesis, which is the process of converting non-carbohydrate substrates into glucose. This increase in blood sugar is vital for providing the body with immediate energy, especially during stress situations.

Another significant role of cortisol is its anti-inflammatory effect. It inhibits the production of inflammatory chemicals, reducing inflammation throughout the body. This is particularly important in controlling immune responses, preventing excessive inflammation that can lead to tissue damage.

While cortisol does influence metabolism and may affect the metabolism of fats, its most well-known and immediate effects are the regulation of sugar levels and the reduction of inflammation. Collectively, these functions support the body's ability to handle stress and maintain homeostasis during challenging circumstances.