What cells in the pancreas produce insulin?

Beta cells, located in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, are responsible for the production and secretion of insulin. Insulin is a crucial hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, promoting its storage as glycogen in the liver and muscle tissues. The function of beta cells is vital for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and preventing conditions such as hyperglycemia.

Other types of cells in the pancreas serve different functions. Alpha cells, for example, produce glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels when they are low. Delta cells secrete somatostatin, a hormone that inhibits both insulin and glucagon secretion, playing a role in regulating the endocrine activities of the pancreas. Gamma cells, although less commonly referenced, are generally thought to have a role in the exocrine functions of the pancreas. Thus, the specialization of beta cells underscores their critical role in glucose metabolism and overall energy balance in the body.