What does cellular differentiation refer to?

Cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell transforms into a more specialized cell type. This process is crucial during development, as it allows stem cells to develop into the various types of cells that make up an organism, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, or blood cells. Each specialized cell type adopts distinct structures and functions that enable it to perform specific tasks within the body. For example, a nerve cell is equipped to transmit signals, while a muscle cell is designed for contraction.

Understanding the significance of differentiation is essential, as it underpins the complexity of multicellular organisms. It highlights how a single fertilized egg can develop into an organism with a diverse array of cell types, each tailored for specialized roles that contribute to the overall functioning of the body.