What is the function of neutrophils in the immune system?

Neutrophils play a crucial role in the immune system primarily through their ability to engulf and digest pathogens, a process known as phagocytosis. When an infection occurs, neutrophils are among the first responders that migrate to the site of inflammation. They recognize and bind to bacteria and other harmful microorganisms, then engulf them into a cell structure called a phagosome. This phagosome fuses with lysosomes, which contain enzymes and toxic substances that break down and destroy the engulfed pathogens.

In addition to phagocytosis, neutrophils are involved in the release of reactive oxygen species and other antimicrobial substances that further help to eliminate pathogens. Their rapid response and ability to target and dispose of a wide range of invaders make them essential components of the innate immune response. The focus of their function is on immediate defense against infections, distinguishing their role from other immune cells that may be involved in longer-term immunity or regulatory functions.