What is the function of the epiglottis?

The epiglottis serves a crucial role in the digestive and respiratory systems by preventing food and liquids from entering the trachea during swallowing. It is a flap of cartilage located at the base of the tongue that automatically closes over the larynx when swallowing occurs, directing food into the esophagus. This mechanism is vital for proper swallowing, as it protects the airway and helps prevent aspiration, which can lead to choking or respiratory infections.

The other functions mentioned in the choices pertain to different structures within the body. Assisting in sound production is primarily the function of the vocal cords located within the larynx. Regulating airflow in the lungs is managed by the bronchi and bronchioles through various mechanisms, including smooth muscle contraction and relaxation. Lastly, controlling salivation involves salivary glands, which are stimulated by the presence of food and the thought of eating rather than the epiglottis itself. Thus, the specific function of the epiglottis is clearly to prevent food from entering the trachea during swallowing.