What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which is crucial for the organ's role in filtering blood and producing urine. Each nephron consists of various structures, including the glomerulus, renal tubule, and Loop of Henle. Together, these components work synergistically to facilitate processes such as filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

The nephron begins with the glomerulus, where blood plasma is filtered into the Bowman's capsule. From there, the filtrate travels through the renal tubule, which includes the proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule. Each section of the nephron has a specific function, such as reabsorbing essential nutrients and regulating water balance. Ultimately, nephron function is vital for maintaining homeostasis within the body, highlighting its significance as the kidney's functional unit.