What is the main function of myelin in neurons?

Myelin primarily serves to insulate axons and significantly increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission. This insulation allows electrical signals to jump between the nodes of Ranvier, gaps in the myelin sheath, which facilitates rapid communication along the nerve fibers. Instead of having to propagate the entire length of the axon continuously, the presence of myelin enhances the efficiency of the electrical impulse, leading to faster reactions and improved signal fidelity.

While myelin does offer some level of protection to the underlying axonal structure, its most crucial role is in facilitating quick and efficient transmission of nerve impulses. This is essential for proper functioning of the nervous system, enabling rapid responses to stimuli. Other processes, such as forming synapses or storing neurotransmitters, are not functions attributed to myelin but rather involve different components of the neuron, such as dendrites and synaptic terminals.