What is the primary function of the pancreas?

The primary function of the pancreas lies in its dual role as both an exocrine and endocrine gland. In its exocrine capacity, the pancreas produces digestive enzymes, such as amylase, lipase, and proteases, which are crucial for breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. This ensures proper digestion and nutrient absorption.

In its endocrine role, the pancreas secretes hormones like insulin and glucagon, which are vital for glucose metabolism and maintaining blood sugar levels. Insulin helps cells take up glucose from the bloodstream, thereby lowering blood sugar levels, while glucagon increases blood sugar levels by promoting the release of glucose from stored glycogen in the liver.

This combination of producing digestive enzymes and regulating blood sugar through hormone secretion underscores the pancreas's essential functions in both digestion and metabolic homeostasis.