What is the role of cortisol?

Cortisol, often referred to as the "stress hormone," plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, particularly in the context of stress response. One of its primary functions is to maintain blood glucose levels during times of fasting, stress, or low carbohydrate intake.

When the body faces stress, cortisol facilitates the process of gluconeogenesis, which is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, primarily in the liver. This ensures that adequate levels of glucose are available for essential functions, particularly for the brain, which relies heavily on glucose for energy.

In addition to its role in blood glucose regulation, cortisol helps to modulate metabolism, suppress inflammation, and maintain cardiovascular function. Its effects on glucose levels are vital for balancing energy availability, especially in stressful situations or during prolonged fasting.

The other options do not reflect cortisol's main physiological roles. While insulin release is regulated by glucose levels and the pancreas, calcium regulation is primarily managed by hormones like parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, and kidney function is influenced by several factors, including hormones like aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone, rather than cortisol directly.