Which glands are responsible for the production of semen?

The production of semen is primarily facilitated by the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland.

The seminal vesicles contribute the majority of the fluid that makes up semen, providing nutrients like fructose that support spermatozoa. They secrete a yellowish fluid that is rich in proteins and sugars, which not only help to nourish the sperm but also assist in the mobility of sperm when they are ejaculated.

The prostate gland adds another significant portion to the semen, producing a milky fluid that contains enzymes, citric acid, and other substances that enhance sperm motility and viability. The prostate's secretions also play a role in neutralizing the acidity of the female reproductive tract, creating a more favorable environment for sperm.

The bulbourethral glands produce a clear, thick fluid that acts as a lubricant during sexual arousal and helps to neutralize any acidity that may be present in the urethra. This ensures that the passageway for sperm is not just functional but also protective before ejaculation occurs.

Each of these glands contributes essential components to semen, making option C the correct choice as it accurately lists the glands involved in the production of this seminal fluid.