Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell due to their crucial role in energy production. They are responsible for generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which serves as the primary energy currency of the cell. This process, known as cellular respiration, involves the breakdown of glucose and other molecules in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.

Mitochondria contain their own DNA and ribosomes, allowing them to replicate independently and produce some of the proteins necessary for their function. The energy produced in mitochondria is essential for various cellular processes, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and biosynthesis of macromolecules. Understanding the function of mitochondria highlights their importance in the overall metabolism and energy management of the cell, illustrating why they are referred to as the powerhouse.