Which part of the brain is involved in higher-order functions such as reasoning and problem-solving?

The cerebrum is indeed the part of the brain that is primarily responsible for higher-order functions such as reasoning and problem-solving. It makes up the largest portion of the brain and is divided into two hemispheres, each comprising four lobes: the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes. The frontal lobe, in particular, plays a crucial role in complex cognitive tasks, decision-making, and executive functions. The development of language, abstract thought, and planning also take place in this area.

In contrast, the cerebellum mainly coordinates movement and balance rather than higher mental capacities. The brainstem is involved in basic life functions like heart rate and breathing but does not engage in higher cognitive functions. The limbic system is associated with emotions and memory, which, while important for the overall functioning of the brain, does not directly encompass reasoning and problem-solving as the cerebrum does. Thus, the cerebrum is the central hub for the processes that define our ability to think critically and solve problems.